Odeon Cinema Pestle Analysis Essay Example

Odeon Cinema Pestle Analysis Paper PESTLE Analysis of a Cinema The advantage of a PESTLE investigation is that it permits you to finish an essential review on an associations position corresponding to the full scale condition It would then be able to go to impact various business choices inside the association . I would likewise utilize this instrument to finish the quality and shortcomings of a SWOT examination which I accept sits well nearby this apparatus. I accept the PESTLE system is a decent method to feature the expected dangers to a business yet my anxiety is that the information ordered could be just one side of a coin. For PESTLE examination to be adjusted it might require a ‘group’ to finish free reports and afterward share them together to get a progressively precise appraisal. I likewise read up an expression which I truly preferred which proposes that the gathering of a lot of data may make it hard to see the wood from the trees â€Å"PARALYSIS by ANALYSIS† Odeon UIC Cinema work in UK and significant European nations 236 film and 2179 screens as of December 2012 The PESTLE Analysis underneath is for the most part for the UK arm of the business Political Government audit of Film Policy was discharge Jan 2012 is certain news for the film business, Plans to bring film training to all schools and raise enthusiasm for the film world Economic Premiums rates stay low which ought to consider interest being developed of new activities Income development kept down because of lower promoting incomes social An outing to the film is as yet a reasonable type of diversion. It caters for all ages and offers changed sort Normal age scope of most noteworthy % of film goers is the 24-multi year age Huge numbers of the new improvements in the Odeon experience encompass the presentation of better food and drink offering teaming up with Costa Coffee, Croma gourmet pizza bar †¦ Mechanical Development in film quality and embellishments is keeping the film experience current Web-based social networking used for showcasing is a development territory 3-D screens and advanced turned out and finished in uk 16 I-MAX theaters acquainted with UK region We will compose a custom article test on Odeon Cinema Pestle Analysis explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Odeon Cinema Pestle Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Odeon Cinema Pestle Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Web based buying of tickets lessening line times and booking questions Legal Government giving solid responsibility to manage theft and illicit abuse of licensed innovation, UK Film Tax Relief stays unaltered Ethical and natural In the UK Odeon Cinema have sponsored to key government activities , Responsible Drinking and the Health Responsibility promise Approaches set up to lessen vitality, water and waste materials are set up all through all the domains.

Life Span Perspective Paper free essay sample

In the accompanying report a clarification of the life expectancy point of view of advancement will result. Synopsis of two speculations of life expectancy improvement will be explained. The author will elucidate how heredity and the earth cooperate to create singular contrasts being developed. Clarify the Life Span Perspective of Development The life expectancy point of view of advancement looks to contemplate improvement throughout presence. Understanding the progressions that happen all through life from unpretentious to touchy is the reason for this perspective. So as to esteem and grasp the life expectancy viewpoint the five qualities of advancement are introduced: multidirectional (changes happen every which way however consistently in an orderly fashion), multicontextual (Life is implanted with numerous setting including family, history, and monetary conditions), multicultural (Cultural contrasts have an influence even intercontinental), multidisciplinary (Scientific controls including yet not restricted to brain research, science, and training), and plastic (Any characteristic in any individual can be modified anytime being developed). We will compose a custom article test on Life expectancy Perspective Paper or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Inside this structure the dynamic idea of life can be read esteemed and recorded for present and future significance. How and why we change as we develop and progress through life further characterizes advancement (Berger, 2008, p. 22). Sum up Two Theories of Life Span Development. Two significant hypotheses of life expectancy advancement are Dynamic Systems hypothesis and Sociocultural hypothesis. Dynamic frameworks hypothesis is an assessment of individual improvement as perpetually modifying; presence is the ancient rarity of steady interface between the real and expressive being and in the midst of the character and all aspects of their environmental factors, along with the family members and society. Shakiness is constant, and every variation impact all the others (Berger, 2008, p. 5). Dynamic frameworks hypothesis catches the association of an individual with their condition and the ceaseless opportunities for change during the connection. Sociocultural hypothesis is rising hypothesis that shows advancement results from the dynamic interface in the midst of every individual and the encompassing social and social effects (Berger, 2008 p. 46). Sociocultural is certainly not a total hypothesis yet provides a way to expanded appreciation of improvement. Clarify How Heredity and the Environment Interact to Produce Individual Differences in Development. Heredity as characterized by Encyclopedia Britannica is the entirety of every single natural procedure by which specific qualities are transmitted from guardians to their posterity (http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/point/262934/heredity). Heredity takes the qualities from the pool gave by the hereditary line of each parent and structures attributes that will choose the attributes of the posterity. The earth depicts the area, encompassing components, impacts, and conditions. The depiction of condition must be extended to incorporate biology and social and social powers (http://word reference. reference. com/peruse/condition). The two synergize or are related over the life expectancy of the individual, molding, shaping and influencing educational encounters. Heredity frames a base of reference and the earth gives a unique life-scape of intelligent turn of events. Each individual that is met in passing can modify the existence way. For instance; the center school math instructor that showed an individual can do anything. One explicit natural occasion can modify the course too. For instance; the downpour storm that brought about a person’s first perspective on a rainbow. The influence can be negligible, unpredictable or have no outcome by any means. The result of these occasions or exposures are reliant (in no little part) on the heredity channel in which they are experienced through. That is the dynamic idea of the individual contrasts being developed. End In this report a clarification of the life expectancy viewpoint of improvement has been given. Rundown of two speculations of life expectancy improvement has occurred. The essayist has elucidated how heredity and the earth connect to deliver singular contrasts being developed.

Another Year, Another Journey Through The Magical Land of Book Expo

Another Year, Another Journey Through The Magical Land of Book Expo This year I attended the last day of BookExpo. BookExpo is a magical land in the heart of New York City, at a place called the Javits Center. It is full of tote bags. So, so many tote bags. Can you spot all of the tote bags in this picture? I bet you cant. At BookExpo, you can meet celebrities like John Cena and Lupita Nyongo, both of whom have written childrens books this year. It seems like thats the thing to do these days. Or,   you can meet Sean Penn, if thats the sort of thing youre into instead (Just a little joke, Sean Penn! You were great in  Mystic River).  Im not sure exactly what Sean Penn was doing there, but hes probably also written a childrens book. Two years ago, I went to  BookCon, which is apparently not the same thing as BookExpo, but they are related, which is confusing. BookExpo is more for industry insiders (fancy) while BookCon is more for the general public. Both are overwhelming and generally result in walking around in a daze, taking in the breathless sights of the sheer number of books in the world and the sad fact that even if you lived a thousand lifetimes, you would never have time to read all of them. Some people do try, though. The sheer amount of checked rolling suitcases waiting to be filled with ARCs of new books is also staggering: No, this is not an airport. Even so, I have come to love this annual tradition. I got to see a panel of diverse middle grade authors talk about the importance of representation for middle schoolers. I picked up a large stack of books that Im excited about diving into, particularly  My Life As An Ice Cream Sandwich, from  National Book Award finalist Ibi Zoboi, and  Im Telling The Truth But Im Lying,  a new essay collection by  Bassey Ikpi. I also got an ARC of the new adventure/graphic novel hybrid  Cursed, by Thomas Wheeler with illustrations by Frank Miller. I really like Millers artwork. Imagine my surprise when I brought it home to glance through it to see that most of the artwork wasnt even there. Curse you, Simon Schuster Books for Young Readers Division! But really, its on me, I guess. Thats what I get for waiting for 45 minutes for an ARC! But really, after several years now of covering the bookselling and book publishing world, what I have really come to have a great fondness for is the community. People say all the time that people in the book industry are some of the greatest in the world. At BookExpo, it really is true. Im sure there are some bad apples, but if so I havent met any yet. My favorite thing about BookExpo is walking through the chaos of Javits, amidst all of the books and all of the promotional materials and advertisements, and seeing three or four people just sitting at a table, talking passionately together. Sure it can be mega-corporatized, but its also great to see so many people converge on one place, all to share their love of books. I wasnt kidding when I said it was a magical place. Also, did I mention there were cool totes? #worthit

My Career As A Sociology - 1369 Words

I’m currently a sociology major but I have changed my major multiple times. I feel pretty confident with sociology but that could possibly change. Having a sociology degree is very versatile. I’m so passionate about traveling and learning about different cultures and I felt as though this major was the closest thing relating to that. At first I was worried about salary and the chances of not getting a job but I’m not going to spend 4 years of my life and thousands of dollars devoted to studying something that I’m not interested in. Right now I’m leaning towards a career in Marketing. When you have a sociology degree and you’re in marketing you basically analyze data. They usually conduct research, evaluate product demand, establish pricing strategies, identify a target audience and determine the best way to reach that audience. They may also participate in package design, develop advertising campaigns and choose media outlets, such as television, radio, Internet, billboards or newspapers to promote their company s products. Marketing managers also build brand awareness through e-mail campaigns, newsletters, contests, celebrity endorsements and product placement in television shows and movies (Marketing Manager). This interests me because I love learning about the way people think. I just think it’s so interesting to see how society’s ideals change over a course of time. I also love advertising. I always watch commercials and see ads and I am always thinking ofShow MoreRelatedThe Study Of Human Social Relationships And Institutions873 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican Sociological Association Sociology; there are only so many ways to define this term and one of them according to The University of North Carolina, is â€Å"the study of human social relationships and institutions.† A sociologist’s on the other hand is someone who works as a professor, researcher, or consultant on sociological issues. For all the sociologists in the world, what they are simply trying to do in the most basic sense is understand society. There are hundreds of people who dedicateRead MoreThree Disciplines1097 Words   |  5 Pagesanthropology, psychology, and sociology, I would have to choose psychology. The reasoning behind it will be explained in detail but it can be broken down to three main reasons; being the first discipline with verified results and facts rather than unproven theories, having more post-high school opportunities considering that I wish to pursue a career in business, and being the most in-depth discipline. Psychology has more quantitative information, more i nteresting career opportunities and more systemizedRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Experience913 Words   |  4 Pagesof spending the summer abroad in Hong Kong through UCLA for my college classes. From the beginning, I knew that my goal of this summer abroad was to understand how to work with a culture very different than my own. I would be lying if I stated that I wasn’t a challenge to adjust, but with my patience, understanding, and my desire to succeed, I eventually prevailed. I pushed through my fear of not doing well enough and decided to try my best. The skills I learned in communicating with people whomRead MoreChoosing a Career in Sociology Essay540 Words   |  3 Pages Do you know what sociology is about? By definition sociology is the study of society, social institutions, and social relationships. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Definition of Sociology. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sociology). Sociology is not based on philosophical assumptions, but instead based on experimentation and measurement. Sociology is a field that you should be highly specialized in only one area. We see sociology everyday wherever we go we interact with society. BasicallyRead MoreImportant Sociological Concepts1078 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Title Page What is an Organization? 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After reading the two articles it s become clear that searching for a job inRead MoreThe Textbook, Sociology867 Words   |  4 PagesThe textbook â€Å"Sociology† has tons of information at its publisher website, which includes a different variety of resources that can help expand a student’s understanding of the book and review concepts as well. The website not only has information about the textbook, but has other types of reliable information from outside sources to help understand sociology on a different level. The resources that the website provided were useful, but the resources that I believe that will help me the most is theRead MoreCareer Theory. Narrative. Growing Up I Would Be Constantly1742 Words   |  7 PagesCareer Theory Narrative Growing up I would be constantly moving between different cities, states, and countries, as my family would participate in seasonal migration. The couple of months that I would stay at any one particular place, I never allowed myself to make long term friends or commitments as everything seem to be temporary. When I was in ending middle school entering high school, I found myself familiarizing myself with Los Angeles as a permanent home base as my parents found assembly lineRead MoreMy Passion For The Field Of Psychology1091 Words   |  5 Pagesdocuments!† my mother franticly cried out as the sound of gunshots continued. â€Å"You said we would never have to deal with the sound of gunshots again being in America! You said we were going to be safe! Is this what you call the safe haven from Liberia! Why did you have to bring us here! when will we ever feel safe?† my older sister lashed out at my mother and headed upstairs. That family incident which fortunately turned out to be the military training at the base near our home, turned my curiosityRead MoreA Research Study On A Student s Annual Scholarship Day At The Research Symposium917 Words   |  4 Pagessomeone who has always had an affinity for knowledge, I believe my participation in the MARC U*STAR program would only enhance my understanding of the research field. I am currently working on an ongoing research project with my professor and mentor, Dr. Edward Opoku-Dapaah. Through Dr. Opoku-Dapaah, I am learning how to formulate research questions and the methods in which I can obtain information for my research. I will be presenting my research findings during our school’s annual Scholarship Day

Fetal Development And Human Development - 1376 Words

Fetal development begins with implantation, when the sperm fertilizes the egg. At this point the fertilized egg is know as a zygote. It splits apart into up to 32 cells which enter the uterus and is then known as the blastocyst. Implantation occurs when the blastocyst begins attaching to the wall of the uterus. From this point the blastocyst is referred to as an embryo until the 9th week of the pregnancy. This 8 week period is called the embryonic period (â€Å"Fetal Development†). The first week of the embryonic period differentiation begins to occur. The cells of the embryo multiply rapidly and begin forming different parts of the embryo. The embryo is about 1/100th of an inch long at the beginning of the embryonic period. Blood cells, kidney cells, and nerve cells are forming and a blood vessel has formed. This vessel quickly forms a heart outside of the body still in the first week or so of the embryonic period (Boeree). Later in this first week the brain and spinal cord b egin developing as well as the gastrointestinal tract (Storck). In the next two weeks the heart remains outside of the body but beats regularly. The embryo still has a tail but â€Å"buds† grow where the arms and legs will begin to form. The spinal cord starts to form vertebra and a larynx or voice box is formed. The brain continues forming and at this point the embryo is about 1/4 an inch (Boeree). The placenta is forming and the embryo is in a sack filled with amniotic fluid keeping it alive (â€Å"FetalShow MoreRelatedPrenatal Development782 Words   |  4 PagesPrenatal development is the period in development from conception to the onset of labor. Perinatal period is the period beginning about the seventh month of pregnancy and continuing until about four weeks after birth. Postnatal development is the period in development the follows directly after birth. The germinal stage is the stage lasting about ten -fourteen days following conception before the fertilized egg becomes implanted in the uterine wall. The embryonic stage is the stage in whichRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol Exposure On Fetal Alcohol Syndrome1303 Words   |  6 PagesThis could not be further from the truth. The development of a human, from fertilization to birth, is a very complex and intricate process. It is through very specific processes that an embryo develops normally, without any sort of functional or structural irregularities. When harmful substances like alcohol interrupt these processes, the contaminated environment surrounding and infiltrating the embryo’s developing body makes it difficult for development to continue as planned. As a result, abnormalitiesRead MoreA Research Study On My Dream Career918 Words   |  4 PagesI will need to know this subject in order to take the next step. I also will need to know about fetal development and the different chromosomes that it takes to make a zygote. I will have to learn how to deliver a baby safely and cautiously. Therefore, I will need to know the birthing process in the progression of me becoming an OBGYN. I want to become an OBGYN because I love biology, fetal development, and the birthing process. An OBGYN is an obstetrician, a physician who delivers babies. An OBGYNRead MoreFetal Testosterone, A, And Type A Response For Each Of The Questions Listed1318 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Writing assignment guidelines† posted on Blackboard. Please provide the following information: Title: Fetal Testosterone Predicts Sexually Differentiated Childhood Behavior in Girls and in Boys Author/s: Bonnies Auyeung, Simon Baron-Cohen, Emma Ashwin, Rebecca Knickmeyer, Kevin Taylor, Gerald Hackett, and Melissa Hines Journal: Psychological Science Introduction The research report I read was called Fetal Testosterone Predicts Sexually Differentiated Childhood Behavior in Girls and in Boys by BonniesRead MoreMaternal Obesity Induce Offspring with Risk of Cardiovascular Disease1700 Words   |  7 PagesMaternal obesity induce offspring with risk of cardiovascular disease Introduction: The rate of obesity for the human population has shown to be increased expeditiously in the past decades. It has continuously raised health concerns among the world, and is likely to remain in times to come. This phenomenon is primarily due to the lifestyle changes resulting in high-energy intake coupling with decreased physical activity (Cameron et al. 2003). Obesity is identified by the high adipose tissue,Read MoreThe Effect Of Gestational Age And Gender On Fetal And Placental Weight1363 Words   |  6 Pagesand gender on fetal and placental weight. This study demonstrated that fetal and placental weight increased significantly between days 16 and 21 of gestation whereas gender showed minimal effect on growth. Introduction Fetal development during pregnancy is predominantly related to the placenta and its function in fetal-maternal exchange (Ishikawa et al. 2006). Alterations in the interactions between the fetus and maternal uterine environment thus permit for the modification in fetal growth. In additionRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On Reproductive Health1376 Words   |  6 PagesAny agent that disrupts embryo development or fetal development is known as Teratogens. Teratogens can stop the pregnancy outright, or in cases of full term pregnancies, cause birth defects to the child. Some categories of teratogens are environmental and subjective teratogens. Environmental teratogens relate to environmental factors that cause birth defects or termination of a pregnancy. Subjective teratogens are substances in which the mother consumes that cause defects to the child or also terminationRead MorePrenatal Development And Development Of A Fetus1591 Words   |  7 PagesPrenatal development, also kno wn as antenatal development, is the process of the development of a human fetus during pregnancy, from fertilization of the egg until the birth of the child. There are many factors that can contribute to the development of the fetus and many threats that can impact it. Most prenatal development occurs in a normal manner, however; there are many things that can go wrong during this vulnerable time and usually are caused by genetic or environmental factors. 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Whether it is a zygote, blastocyst, embryo, or fetus it is still a human being no matter how far along in pregnancy the fetus has rights; evoking uprising controversy of fetal rights debates that

The Importance of Organ Donating Free Essays

Speaking from my own experience, it is not easy to make a decision to donate a loved one’s organs, however, my sisters and I knew that our mother wanted to be an anatomical donor. She had filled out an advance directive stating that upon her passing, she wanted to donate any viable organs for transplant purposes. We donated her eyes, and now someone out in this wonderful world we live in has her eyes. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Organ Donating or any similar topic only for you Order Now This person can now see the beauty around them, maybe even their grandchildren for the first time. We made the decision to give this wonderful gift of renewed life and we agree that this was the right thing to do. We are thankful everyday that someone has our mother’s eyes and now has the gift of sight. There is one important fact that every person in this world can agree on: At some point in our lives, we are all going to face the reality of death. Death is imminent to everyone, and the prospect of death is generally very tragic for most people. It is the unknown that can instill the fear of dying in a person or a family. Tragic accidents and terminal diseases are often the source of many deaths, and invariably in those instances we are unable to control the inevitable outcome, which is death. However, in the course of life and death, we have the ability to control certain situations. We have the ability to control the outcome of someone else’s life. This person may be a stranger or a family member, but we can give them a very precious gift. We have a choice. We can offer the greatest gift we can give, the gift of life to another person through organ donation. Life is spared for many people through organ donation. Organ donation is truly a gift that saves hundreds of lives each day. However, even greater than the number of lives saved is the number of deaths that occur each day as people on an organ transplant waiting list continue to wait. Organ donation and transplants must become a reality and readily available to all people in need of transplants. According to the Mayo Clinic, in ancient mythology and the bible, heart transplants are referenced a number of times. Additionally, at the beginning of the 20th century Alex Carrel became a pioneer in making organ transplants a realistic possibility. Estimates reveal that in New York City alone, there are maybe three-hundred fifty people who are organ donors, however, there are at least 7,000 people in this city who are currently awaiting organ transplants. One single organ donor has the ability to save up to eight lives by donating their heart, lungs, liver, kidney, pancreas, and intestines. There are no restrictions on who can become an anatomical donor. (NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases) According to the information found on the web site organdonation. om, family consent is required for organ donation. Requesting people to become anatomical donors is never easy, especially when they are faced with the loss of a loved one, or their own imminent demise. First, consider the wishes of a loved one. Secondly, remember you are giving the gift of life to someone. Organ transplanting and organ donating can and has saved many lives. Dr. Dan Fischer writes in his article titled, â€Å"The Gift of Organ Donation† how becoming an anatomical donor will bestow the distinction of giving a lifesaving gift to a person who needs a healthy organ. This is an opportunity for everyone to give the gift of life to another human being during our lives or after we have passed. I agree with Dr. Fischer that we desperately need organ donors in this country, and everyone should consider themselves a potential donor. (Fischer) Statistics on organ donor’s . html show that well over tens of thousands of people are on waiting lists each year for transplants. Approximately 10-20% of these people will die before they can receive a viable organ that is a match for them. There are many factors to consider when looking at current problems associated with the lack of organ donation and transplants. One of great importance is demographics. Many people in the Eastern portion of the United States do not believe in organ donation for a variety of reasons. For some it is cultural, for others it is religion. Many people are just not comfortable with donating their organs or a loved one’s organs after they have passed on. One possibility may be just the fact that being an organ donor has never been brought to their attention. One way to become an organ donor is to request to be an anatomical donor on your driver’s license or state issued identification. This will show as a restriction and alert medical personnel as to your request. People can also state in their advance directives that they wish to be organ donors. When someone who has died, and has previously given permission for their organs to be donated to another human being, they are giving a gift so precious it cannot be measured by dollars, only by love. For people who cannot survive without a transplant, a donated organ can give them back their lives. How to cite The Importance of Organ Donating, Essay examples

Business Models and Technological Innovation

Question: Discuss about the Business Models and Technological Innovation. Answer: Business model is defined as the abstract presentation of a companys way of working. The model is a comprehensive layout about how the company operates in the market, sells its products, generates revenue and maximises its capital. Business models are primarily related to entrepreneurial firms like Google and show how these firm captures market opportunities and create value. Today business models include technology and show how companies use it to create economic value (Chesbrough, 2013). Innovation is a very important aspect of business models and has evolved has the stimulus which stimulates the organisations to continuously manage their models to adjust to the market conditions. Business models are designed to embrace the entire business system of an organisation. The companies earlier conceived business models as pipes which showed how they produced goods and sold them to consumers (Aithal Jeevan, 2016). This model worked just like pipe carrying water but did not include other important aspects like innovation, organisational culture or future strategies. The platform model as used in present international companies like Apple is based on a technology driven platform which acts like a market. The digital platform help the buyers meet the seller and also stores the information about the transactions for future use (Van, Parker Choudary, 2016). Today business models have evolved into dynamic systems which allow the companies using them to explore new markets, bring about innovations and restructure their models according to the market situations. The companies conceptualise their business models based on several factors within themselves and from the extern al environment. The structures of the companies have a profound effect on the business models. The multinational companies like Apple and Vodafone keep on introducing new products and expanding their business into new markets. These companies look upon disruptive innovation, restructuring and sustainability as the essence of their business models. These companies follow business models like franschise, manufacturer, retail outlet or distributorship to operate in their markets. The working cultures of the companies decide their power to adjust to new situations and take advantage of them. Companies grapple to change their existing business models and adopt new business models. Management, communication and coordination among the various segments are important for smooth adoption of new business models. The leadership in the companies and the employee relationship have profound effect on the business models and its dynamism. For example the companies like Nestle with expertise in fields of technology, innovation, marketing mix and financing have leadership in the market (Vahlne Johanson, 2014). The global locations of these companies operate in an integrated way which enables the management to lead them through the changes. The small companies with limited resources often find it difficult to change their models and often face employee resistance (Kastalli Van Looy, 2013). The dynamic business models used by the multinational companies can be used to deal with market challenges in a more strategic way. The static business model is only based on value creation between the consumers and the company. The dynamic model looks upon businesses as blocks but does not integrate them. However, the market challenges and intense competition require a total reformation of the companies and their ways of operating. This requires restructuring of the whole company as a system to adapt to the changes. Companies which fail to adapt to the changes often threat from substitute or threat of new emerging companies. Google has a unique business model which allows the internet giant to lead the market. In fact, it can also be opined that the business model of Google has helped the company to reach a position of having almost no competitor. The business model of Google, first allows the firms and people to promote their products in return of payment. The company also provides free blogging services to bloggers without opening accounts. The search engine allows these two groups of consumers to promote their blogs and earn money. Google has emerged as the worlds largest paid online advertisement platform and encourage growth of start-ups, entrepreneurial ventures and small business. It allows these groups to advertise their products to a vast consumer base which allows them to create their own profitable market. Google provides free services to the net surfers and allows a variety of services like email communication, socialising and video sharing. The free customers provide Google with invaluable information while using the internet which it uses to develop its future business. This business model of Google provides services to the segments like bloggers and advertisers and which generates huge revenue for it. The services provided by Google are parts of the business system while the way of charging the advertisers and bloggers form the profit model (Ita mi Nishino, 2010). Companies use and develop innovative business models to expand their territories and partner with other firms. The business model of Google is not restricted to providing mail and blogging services. The company has a dynamic business model which allows it to partner with companies and expand its product line. Google joined the Alliance for Affordable Internet which allowed the company to enter into partnership with Facebook, Intel and Microsoft. The business policies. The business model of Google has inspired it to enter into joint ventures and partnerships with organisations from diverse fields. The company entered into partnership with NASA to construct office of 1 lakh square feet which would used for research on nanotechnology, distributed computing and entrepreneurial space industry. Google set up two wind farms to generate renewable forms of energy. The company have entered into acquiring companies like Youtube and Android (Osiyevskyy Dewald, 2015). Thus, the dynamic business model of Google helps it to acquire new companies and operate in a sustainable way. Business models are developed by companies and advertise their innovative power. Business models are designed to adapt to new market situations and expand new markets. A well planned business model helps a company to acquire companies to expand its product portfolio. For example, Google owns the video sharing software Youtube, the internet search engine Google Chrome and the satellite map, Google Maps. This innovative product line consisting of various softwares catering to diverse needs under one owner, Google has helped the company to be the undisputable leader in the internet services market. Thus, the business model of Google allows it to bring about innovations (Baden-Fuller Haefliger, 2013). Business models help the companies to explore and exploit their resources to bring about innovation and sustainability. The companies today lay stress on sustainable supply chain management to reduce their emission of poisonous gases and waste water. The companies invest in setting up renewable sources of energy like windmills. These policies of them benefit the society, consumers and the other stakeholders (Girotra Netessine, 2013). Thus, business models encourage the company to acquire and use resources in a sustainable ways which encourage innovation. The aim of developing a business model is to operate ina way to provide maximum consumer satisfaction and high profits. Companies also price their products according to their business models and price their products to cater to huge consumer base (Dudin et al., 2015). The firms offer innovative products in various shapes and sizes at apt prices to cater the diverse consumer needs. It can be concluded that the business models are the very essence of the companies and expressions of their business strategies. The companies make dynamic and innovative business models to take advantage of the market situations and expand their operations. Their business models also help them to create innovation in areas of marketing mix, supply chain management and sustainable operations. References: Aithal, P. S., Jeevan, P. (2016). How Service Industries can Transform themselves into Green Business Industries. Baden-Fuller, C., Haefliger, S. (2013). Business models and technological innovation.Long range planning,46(6), 419-426. Chesbrough, H. (2013).Open business models: How to thrive in the new innovation landscape. Harvard Business Press. Dudin, M. N., Kucuri, G. N., Fedorova, I. J. E., Dzusova, S. S., Namitulina, A. Z. (2015). The innovative business model canvas in the system of effective budgeting. Girotra, K., Netessine, S. (2013). OM forumbusiness model innovation for sustainability.Manufacturing Service Operations Management,15(4), 537-544. Itami, H., Nishino, K. (2010). Killing two birds with one stone: profit for now and learning for the future.Long Range Planning,43(2), 364-369. Kastalli, I. V., Van Looy, B. (2013). Servitization: Disentangling the impact of service business model innovation on manufacturing firm performance.Journal of Operations Management,31(4), 169-180. Osiyevskyy, O., Dewald, J. (2015). Explorative versus exploitative business model change: the cognitive antecedents of firm?level responses to disruptive innovation.Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,9(1), 58-78. Vahlne, J. E., Johanson, J. (2014). Replacing traditional economics with behavioral assumptions in constructing the Uppsala Model: toward a theory on the evolution of the Multinational Business Enterprise (MBE). InMultidisciplinary Insights from New AIB Fellows(pp. 159-176). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Van Alstyne, M. W., Parker, G. G., Choudary, S. P. (2016). Pipelines, platforms, and the new rules of strategy.Harvard Business Review,94(4), 54-62. Business Models and Technological Innovation Question: Discuss about the Business Models and Technological Innovation. Answer: Introduction: The current assignment deals with identifying the comparisons between the business models of Target and Wal-Mart. In addition, the significance of ratio analysis along with the important categories of ratios is evaluated from the perspective of the retail organisations. The impact of the business models on the financial performance of the above-mentioned organisations is critically reflected to develop an insight about their financial positions. Moreover, the study also analyses the cause behind changing rate of return in terms of equity, price-earnings and leverage ratios. The latter segment of the assignment sheds light on Ackmans views for modifying the financial and overall strategies of Target. Difference between the business models of Target and Wal-Mart: The Dayton Company has established Target in the year 1962 and Wal-Mart has been set up in the same year. These two organisations are the major competitors in the US retail industry in the 21st century. The major points of distinction between the business models of Target and Wal-Mart are summed up as follows: Nature of services: Target has been popular in the US retail industry for its fun, fast and friendly services to its clients. Wal-Mart, on the contrary, has been popular for its strategy of low cost services. In this context, Baden-Fuller and Haefliger (2013) stated that the small retailers often tend to follow the business models of large retailers for improving their themes of store layout to cater the needs of the customers. Prices and visual display: Wal-Mart is known for its cheaper prices of products and the stores contain large boxes with racks of products and general merchandise to meet the needs of the customers. The racks and furniture are of basic designs with the aisle space minimised to portray the sensation of low prices. In the words of Landry et al. (2013), such sensation converts the perceptions of the customers to purchase quality products at lower prices compared to the other stores in the market. Target, on the other hand, has designed its theme at the most appropriate costs, as it mainly aims to target the higher-class customers. Additionally, the fixtures and layouts of Targets are highly elaborate having broader aisles and quality concepts of lighting. In this regard, Schaltegger, Ldeke-Freund and Hansen (2012) stated that such high quality layout and visual display improves the customers shopping experience. However, it is worth mentioning that Wal-Mart has now undertaken initiatives in most of its US stores by incorporating better quality of fixtures and broader aisles to attract the high-level customers. Soft lines: As commented by Baden-Fuller and Haefliger (2013), the soft lines are the soft products involved in retail organisations like linens and clothing. Target has developed a set of designers to create brand new soft lines for its stores. Therefore, the organisation aims to improve the shopping experience of the customers by depicting the reflection of selling better quality soft goods at reasonable prices. Conversely, Wal-Mart has focused on the traditional marketing approach of providing quality soft goods at cheaper prices compared to the competitors. Importance of financial ratio analysis and the importance of some ratio categories in contrast to others: The financial ratio analysis is an important method to evaluate the financial performance of an organisation and its significance is briefly summed up as follows: Evaluation of financial statements: With the help of ratio analysis, the associated stakeholders of an organisation could determine the profitability and liquidity positions of the same (Healy and Palepu 2012). For instance, the profitability ratios like gross margin, operating margin and net margin could help the organisation to know about its profit margin and accordingly, measures could be taken to improve the same further. Judging the organisational efficiency: As commented by Delen, Kuzey and Uyar (2013), the efficiency ratios and the liquidity ratios like inventory turnover, debtors collection, creditors payment, current and quick ratios help in knowing about the operational efficiency of the management. Accordingly, Target would be able to make effective use of its assets to earn higher income. In addition, the turnover ratios would also help the organisation to know about the market demand. The other two efficiency ratios would indicate the effectiveness of the organisation in collecting and paying amounts to the debtors and creditors respectively. Improving the decision-making process of the investors: With the help of accounting ratios like return on investment and dividend payout, the external investors associated with Targets could make sound decisions based on the annual or monthly returns. Based on these ratios, the investors make decisions whether to make investments or withdraw the fund invested in the business (Brigham and Houston 2012). Comparison of financial performance: In the words of Brigham and Ehrhardt (2013), it is of prime necessity for an organisation to compare the financial position of its rivals. Hence, based on the financial ratios, Target could be able to distinguish its performance from Wal-Mart and take remedial actions, if necessary, to increase its revenue margin. Evaluation of the stability of a firm: The accounting ratio like capital gearing ratio help in evaluating the financial stability of a firm by indicating its leverage (Frank and Pamela 2016). In case, the preference share capital and other fixed interest bearing loans are higher in contrast to the equity share capital and reserves, the investors might not be willing to invest in Target and vice-versa. Figure 1: Importance of financial ratio analysis (Source: Brigham and Houston 2012) Identification and importance of the key ratio categories for the retail companies: Gross margin: With the help of gross margin, Target would be able to review its pricing strategy and evaluate the risk of overpricing or under pricing based on the cash flows. In case, the profit is low, the management of Target could reduce its cost of sales, increase the sales value and minimise damages. In the words of Vernimmen et al. (2014), the retail organisations mainly aim to achieve 50% gross margin at the end of each accounting year. Inventory turnover: The management of Target needs to consider this ratio, since it helps in knowing the selling and replenishment of stocks. In this context, Weil, Schipper and Francis (2013) cited that higher rate of turnover reflects the introduction of new merchandise, while a lower turnover indicated the capital congested in stocks. In the latter case, Target needs to release its inventory at lower cost to avoid any potential loss. Liquidity ratios: With the help of liquidity ratios, Target could gauge the ability of its stores to write off the short-term debts and obligations. According to Edwards (2013), the benchmark for current ratio is 2 and that of the quick ratio is 1 for the retail industry. However, Richard and David (2016) argued that the retailers often consider the quick ratio as the best measure, since it subtracts inventories from current assets to indicate the firms ability of raising cash for meeting debt obligations. Return on assets and gearing ratio: The return on assets is considered as another important ratio, which portrays the growth rate of the retail operations (Horngren et al. 2012). The retailers like Target always prefer to have higher ratio to maximise the amount of revenues. The creditors consider the gearing ratio to compare the investments with the funded business portion. Thus, Target needs to maintain a lower gearing ratio to ensure increase in funds from the creditors. Reflection of business model differences on the financial performance of Target and Wal-Mart: According to the financial report of Target, the sales of the organisation have increased at almost a fixed rate from $26,296 in 1999 to $62,884 in 2008. This depicts that the organisation has managed to increase its customer base through improving its store layouts and the nature of services. However, Wal-Mart has also experienced wide increase in its revenues from S153,345 in 1999 to $401,244 in 2008. In this case, Wal-Mart has been enjoying competitive advantage over Target due to its low cost products to attract all categories of customers. According to the gross margin value, Wal-Mart has been enjoying competitive advantage over Target. This is because of high quality products at cheaper prices to attract all types of customers. However, both the organisations have performed quite above the industrial benchmark of 50%. The degree of financial leverage for Target has been 0.96 in 2008 compared to 0.61 of Wal-Mart. This depicts that Target has relied highly on debt financing, which has increased the debt payments of the organisation. In addition, the inventory turnover of Wal-Mart has been greater, which is due to the selling of goods at low prices to the mass market. However, the liquidity position of Target has been quite higher in contrast to Wal-Mart. The possible reason is the increased amount of retained earnings and less investment on capital projects. This implies that the company has been efficient in discharging its existing liabilities with the cash generated. This has been further supported by the dividend payout, which is high for Wal-Mart over the years 2006-2008. The debt-to-equity ratio has been significantly high for Target, which reveals that the company is inefficient to acquire funds through issuance of equity shares. The credit policy of Wal-Mart has been stringent, as the company is not extending the amount to be received from the debtors for accumulating higher working capital. This is because Wal-Mart has been making payments to its creditors within short span of time in comparisons to that of Target. Thus, these above-mentioned ratios are the key metrics, which have helped in ascertaining the financial performance of Target and Wal-Mart. Reasons behind the different rates of return on equity, leverage and P/E ratios from the perspective of some retailers: The rate of return on equity is largely dependent two components, which include net margin and the asset turnover. For instance, if the sales of an organisation increase, the return on equity also increases, since each sale generates higher money for the organisation (Hotchkiss, Strmberg and Smith 2014). In addition, if any retailer generates greater sales from the assets owned, it increases the return on equity. Thus, the product sales and turnover from assets are the major determinants, which lead to differential rate of return on equity for the retailers. Some retailers deliberately increase the financial leverage to acquire funds through debt financing in relation to the equity shares. Thus, higher amount of debt in the capital structure of the organisation might result in higher price/earnings ratio and equity returns (Ptri, Karell and Luukka 2016). Justification of Ackmans demand for changes in compliance with Targets strategy and its financial record: According to the provide case, Ackman has hold a substantial portion of the shares of Target and initially, the person was highly satisfied with the financial performance of the organisation. However, the person has demanded to be appointed as a board member of Target. The management of the organisation has declined the negotiation immediately. Hence, this shows that the person has self-interest in the organisation to accomplish his personable goals and objectives. It is quite justified on the part of Ackman to change the board of directors of Target, as no direct possesses the relevant CEO experience. However, it is to be borne in mind that Ackman has been quite satisfied with the management before putting forward the proposal of becoming a board member. Thus, this demand for change might not be aligned to suit the needs of the associated stakeholders. Ackman has also suggested to increase the business reach outside USA to match with the revenues of its major competitor, Wal-Mart. In addition, the proposed nominees of the person do not have any sort of relationship with Ackman, which challenges the personal conflict issue. Furthermore, one of the former board members of Target has extended support to the proposed changes, as they will result in creation of long-term values fore the shareholders. However, most of the external analysts have supported the management of Target by stating that the investors are highly satisfied with the organisational performance. This is because the earnings from each share of the organisation have increased from 1999 to 2007; however, it has fallen marginally in the year 2008. In addition, the management of Target has been effective to maintain its liquidity position despite the lower turnover from inventory and delayed payments from debtors. Despite positive effects of Ackmans changes, the demand for changes has aroused because Ackman has been denied to be appointed as a director within the organisation. Hence, despite the increase in financial leverage and fall in the annual sales growth, it has yielded adequate returns to the investors. Thus, Ackmans demand for changes is not justified to match the organisational strategies and financial record of accomplishment. Decision of the investor regarding whether to choose Targets current board or Ackmans proposed slate: In compliance with the brave discussion, it is feasible for the investors to stay with the current board of Target. This is because Target has provided the opportunity to Ackman to express his views to the shareholders possessing the voting rights and most of the shareholders have turned up for the organisation. In addition, the changes proposed on the part of Ackman would barely result in long-term benefits to the shareholders. In addition, Target has increased its dividend payout to the shareholders over the years, which also signifies the management efficiency in running biasness operations. Hence, from the perspective of an investor, it is better to select the existing Target board instead of choosing the proposed slate of Packman. Steps needed on the part of the Target Board to avoid public conflict with Ackman: In order to avoid such conflict, the Target Board could have increased the remuneration of Ackman, as the maximum amount of investment is drawn from the person itself. However, Callen (2015) argued that increasing the remuneration of a specific shareholder might result in discontentment amongst the other stockholders. In addition, Target could issue bonus shares to Ackman through which greater benefits could be realised. With the help of such strategies, Target might have been able to avoid such conflicting interest and maintain effective relationship with the largest shareholder of the organisation. Probable impact of Ackmans recommendations on the financial performance of Target: According to the provided scenario, a substantial portion of the derivative securities of Perishing Square is with Target, which would perish within two years. Hence, this type of investment would help in boosting the stock performance of Target in the short-run; however, the value is nominal in relation to long-term shareholder value. As a result, the return on equity might be reduced largely along with fall in the dividend payout ratio. In addition, the company might suffer from poor liquidity position, as the creditors might not be willing to extend its payment period due to the possible fall in share prices. Conclusion: According to the above discussion, the business model of Target is to attract the high-income individuals by selling products at affordable prices. On the other hand, Wal-Mart has been providing high quality products at lower cost to attract all types of customers. In addition, it has been found that ratio analysis is an important financial tool to evaluate the financial performance of an organisation and help the investors to make sound decision-making. After comparing the financial performance of Wal-Mart and Target, the former has been enjoying competitive advantage due to its expansion in the global markets. Furthermore, from the given case, it has been found that Ackmans proposed changes are not effective in improving the financial performance of Target from the ethical perspective. In order to avoid such conflict, the organisation might have increased the remuneration ad issued bonus shares to Ackman. Lastly, it has been evaluated if such the changes were implemented, it might result in loss of shareholder value of Target. References and Bibliographies Baden-Fuller, C. and Haefliger, S., 2013. Business models and technological innovation.Long range planning,46(6), pp.419-426. Landry, R., Amara, N., Cloutier, J.S. and Halilem, N., 2013. Technology transfer organizations: Services and business models.Technovation,33(12), pp.431-449. Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F. and Hansen, E.G., 2012. Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability.International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,6(2), pp.95-119. Healy, P.M. and Palepu, K.G., 2012.Business Analysis Valuation: Using Financial Statements. Cengage Learning. Delen, D., Kuzey, C. and Uyar, A., 2013. Measuring firm performance using financial ratios: A decision tree approach.Expert Systems with Applications,40(10), pp.3970-3983. 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